Fig. 5
From: Severe traumatic brain injury and risk for osteoporosis: a Mendelian randomization study
The central nervous system (CNS) plays an important role in bone metabolism. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) impairs the normal function of the brain, resulting in an increased risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis. CREB: cAMP-response element binding protein; NPY: neuropeptide Y; NE: norepinephrine