Fig. 1

Illustration of the experimental workflow of the study. In the pre-experimental stage to determine the SCM storage time at -80℃ (green), 51 families were enrolled and underwent IVF cycles of PGT-A or PGT-SR (dark purple). A total of 149 embryos were screened using PGT with TE biopsy and niPGT-A with spent culture medium (SCM). A total of 146 pairs of successfully amplified SCM and TE biopsy results were collected for downstream analysis (light purple). Ten embryos with severe chromosomal abnormal were donated for further validation by a 2nd round of testing with TE samples and ICM cells from whole embryos. These results were compared to the outcome of the 1st round of TE PGT and niPGT-A with SCM