Table 3 Dietary intake of the study population according to tertile categories of CSI and N6/N3 in obese and overweight women (n = 279)

Variables†

CSI

Mean ± SD

p-value*

T₁ (n = 99)

T₂ (n = 104)

T₃ (n = 76)

Food groups

Whole grains (g/d)

53.24 ± 47.75

61.59 ± 54.19

77.42 ± 73.40

0.82

Refined grains (g/d)

331.80 ± 219.09

379.17 ± 191.55

397.52 ± 219.72

0.01

Nuts (g/d)

9.45 ± 10.99

14.59 ± 15.63

21.40 ± 20.64

0.25

Legumes (g/d)

42.47 ± 34.57

51.43 ± 42.42

46.40 ± 42.31

0.27

Vegetables (g/d)

288.84 ± 183.46

424.89 ± 241.68

445.77 ± 262.62

0.003

Fruits (g/d)

388.93 ± 312.69

510.63 ± 334.57

648.63 ± 34.94

0.92

Fish (g/d)

7.06 ± 6.33

12.59 ± 12.24

15.62 ± 15.97

< 0.001

Poultry (g/d)

23.03 ± 18.74

35.25 ± 26.63

50.75 ± 62.74

0.002

Egg (g/d)

12.60 ± 7.02

21.47 ± 9.40

33.85 ± 17.9

< 0.001

Red meat (g/d)

12.20 ± 8.51

22.38 ± 16.72

32.84 ± 23.24

< 0.001

Nutrient intake

Energy (kcal/d)

2136.53 ± 601.19

2650.61 ± 674.27

3151.67 ± 612.17

-

Protein (g/d)

66.53 ± 17.27

91.41 ± 20.92

112.36 ± 28.38

< 0.001

Carbohydrate (g/d)

305.72 ± 102.04

385.51 ± 120.18

435.97 ± 96.75

< 0.001

Total fat (g/d)

78.52 ± 29.67

91.87 ± 26.72

116.48 ± 30.52

0.03

TC (g/d)

158.47 ± 28.57

242.94 ± 25.18

387.88 ± 95.41

< 0.001

MUFA (g/d)

27.06 ± 11.69

29.95 ± 8.87

37.72 ± 10.50

0.05

PUFA (g/d)

18.96 ± 10.07

19.46 ± 7.35

21.64 ± 7.44

< 0.001

SFA (mg/d)

20.80 ± 6.43

26.59 ± 6.44

39.04 ± 12.35

< 0.001

Trans fat (mg/d)

0.0007 ± 0.002

0.0005 ± 0.001

0.001 ± 0.004

0.05

Oleic acid (g/d)

24.86 ± 11.50

26.86 ± 8.71

33.18 ± 9.97

0.06

Linolenic acid (g/d)

1.03 ± 0.66

1.19 ± 0.54

1.50 ± 0.61

0.46

Linoleic acid (g/d)

16.85 ± 9.56

16.76 ± 7.10

18.13 ± 7.14

< 0.001

EPA (g/d)

0.01 ± 0.02

0.03 ± 0.03

0.04 ± 0.04

< 0.001

DHA (g/d)

0.06 ± 0.06

0.11 ± 0.12

0.14 ± 0.13

< 0.001

Variables†

N6/N3

Mean ± SD

P-value^*

T1(n = 93)

T2(n = 93)

T3(n = 93)

Food groups

Whole grains (g/d)

76.88 ± 67.78

70.52 ± 59.97

41.42 ± 38.36

0.17

Refined grains (g/d)

489.62 ± 239.45

340.17 ± 194.30

272.29 ± 117.29

0.46

Nuts (g/d)

21.11 ± 19.00

15.81 ± 17.75

6.95 ± 6.07

0.36

Legumes (g/d)

51.82 ± 40.69

52.32 ± 44.80

36.50 ± 31.08

0.18

Vegetables (g/d)

439.80 ± 243.54

417.86 ± 256.50

289.23 ± 183.76

0.06

Fruits (g/d)

750.11 ± 382.63

439.53 ± 243.73

325.48 ± 209.00

0.04

Fish (g/d)

13.75 ± 15.65

11.24 ± 11.07

9.36 ± 8.81

0.99

Poultry (g/d)

45.60 ± 55.96

31.70 ± 29.99

28.12 ± 23.10

0.32

Egg (g/d)

25.27 ± 17.06

22.53 ± 13.63

17.38 ± 10.67

0.38

Red meat (g/d)

31.64 ± 20.16

20.75 ± 19.16

12.47 ± 8.39

0.05

Nutrient intake

Energy (kcal/d)

3468.72 ± 402.67

2545.52 ± 190.36

1799.81 ± 271.01

-

Protein (g/d)

114.98 ± 24.09

87.51 ± 17.49

62.37 ± 13.30

0.58

Carbohydrate (g/d)

502.95 ± 82.83

353.96 ± 47.13

255.92 ± 53.31

0.09

Total fat (g/d)

122.50 ± 27.88

95.28 ± 20.53

63.74 ± 15.19

0.09

MUFA (g/d)

39.10 ± 9.87

32.22 ± 9.23

21.80 ± 6.55

0.03

PUFA (g/d)

24.25 ± 7.54

21.12 ± 8.80

14.24 ± 5.48

0.02

SFA (mg/d)

37.54 ± 11.27

27.37 ± 6.58

18.86 ± 5.14

0.38

Trans fat (mg/d)

0.001 ± 0.002

0.0007 ± 0.002

0.0008 ± 0.003

0.60

Oleic acid (g/d)

34.87 ± 9.55

29.18 ± 9.32

19.55 ± 6.46

0.02

Linolenic acid (g/d)

1.58 ± 0.55

1.26 ± 0.67

0.82 ± 0.40

0.07

Linoleic acid (g/d)

20.80 ± 7.42

18.44 ± 8.59

12.27 ± 5.34

0.03

EPA (g/d)

0.03 ± 0.04

0.03 ± 0.04

0.02 ± 0.02

0.83

DHA (g/d)

0.12 ± 0.13

0.10 ± 0.12

0.08 ± 0.08

0.94