Table 4 Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis using epidemiological variables and genome-wide polygenic risk score (gPRS) Z-scores in relation the incidence of metabolic syndrome
Variable | HR (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|
gPRS Z-score | 6.798 (6.282 ‒ 7.357) | < 0.001 |
Gender | < 0.001 | |
Men | Ref. | |
Women | 1.546 (1.254 ‒ 1.907) | < 0.001 |
Age (years) | 1.017 (1.008 ‒ 1.025) | < 0.001 |
Alcohol intake (g/day) | 1.002 (0.999 ‒ 1.004) | 0.230 |
Total energy intake (kcal/1000) | 1.090 (1.004 ‒ 1.184) | 0.039 |
Marital Status | 0.553 | |
Other | Ref. | |
Married | 0.944 (0.780 ‒ 1.142) | 0.553 |
Education status | 0.668 | |
≤Elementary school | Ref. | |
Middle, high school graduate | 1.038 (0.904 ‒ 1.191) | 0.599 |
≥College | 1.094 (0.899 ‒ 1.332) | 0.369 |
Income status | 0.739 | |
<₩1,500,000 | Ref. | |
₩1,500,000-₩3,000,000 | 0.964 (0.842 ‒ 1.105) | 0.603 |
₩≥3,000,000 | 0.939 (0.797 ‒ 1.105) | 0.446 |
Smoking status | 0.010 | |
Never | Ref. | |
Past | 1.033 (0.846 ‒ 1.261) | 0.752 |
Current | 1.266 (1.059 ‒ 1.514) | 0.010 |
Dried laver intake | 0.074 | |
Tertile 1 | Ref. | |
Tertile 2 | 0.865 (0.747 ‒ 1.002) | 0.053 |
Tertile 3 | 0.861 (0.750 ‒ 0.988) | 0.033 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 1.083 (1.061 ‒ 1.106) | < 0.001 |
HbA1C (%) | 1.160 (1.089 ‒ 1.236) | < 0.001 |
Previous history of hypertension | 0.012 | |
No | Ref. | |
Yes | 1.227 (1.047 ‒ 1.440) | 0.012 |
Red blood cell (106/µL) | 1.295 (1.100 ‒ 1.525) | 0.002 |
Fasting insulin (µIU/ml) | 0.993 (0.980 ‒ 1.006) | 0.264 |
Average sleep duration (hours/day) | 1.016 (0.974 ‒ 1.059) | 0.456 |
Alanine Aminotransferase (IU/L) | 0.999 (0.998 ‒ 1.000) | 0.182 |
White blood cell (103/µL) | 1.055 (1.023 ‒ 1.089) | < 0.001 |
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 1.017 (1.001 ‒ 1.033) | 0.035 |
C-Reactive Protein (mg/dL) | 1.033 (0.911 ‒ 1.172) | 0.614 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 1.175 (0.982 ‒ 1.406) | 0.077 |