Table 3 Biochemical characteristics of study participants
Total | Normal | New-onset of metabolic syndrome | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 5,440 | 3,320 | 2,120 | |
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) (n = 5,376) | 82.00 (77.00–87.00) | 81.00 (76.00–86.00) | 83.00 (78.00-89.75) | < 0.001 |
Plasma glucose concentration at 1 h (mg/dL) (n = 5,303) | 137.00 (111.00-169.00) | 133.00 (107.00-161.00) | 146.00 (117.00-178.00) | < 0.001 |
Plasma glucose concentration at 2 h (mg/dL) (n = 5,308) | 111.00 (92.00-133.00) | 109.00 (91.00-129.00) | 115.00 (96.00-141.00) | < 0.001 |
Albumin (g/dL) (n = 5,438) | 4.20 (4.00-4.40) | 4.20 (4.00-4.40) | 4.10 (4.00-4.40) | 0.045 |
BUN (mg/dL) (n = 5,439) | 14.00 (11.80–16.50) | 13.80 (11.70–16.20) | 14.40 (12.10–16.90) | < 0.001 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) (n = 5,439) | 0.80 (0.70-1.00) | 0.80 (0.70-1.00) | 0.80 (0.70-1.00) | 0.573 |
AST (IU/L) (n = 5,439) | 26.00 (23.00–31.00) | 26.00 (22.00–31.00) | 26.00 (23.00–32.00) | 0.007 |
ALT (IU/L) (n = 5,438) | 21.00 (17.00–29.00) | 20.00 (16.00–28.00) | 24.00 (18.00–32.00) | < 0.001 |
r-GTP (IU/L) (n = 5,439) | 17.00 (12.00–32.00) | 16.00 (11.00–28.00) | 19.00 (12.00–38.00) | < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) (n = 5,439) | 187.00 (165.00-211.00) | 185.00 (163.00-209.00) | 189.00 (167.00-215.00) | < 0.001 |
HDL-Cholesterol (mg/dL) (n = 5,439) | 45.00 (40.00–52.00) | 47.00 (41.00–54.00) | 44.00 (39.00–49.00) | < 0.001 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) (n = 5,438) | 119.00 (92.00-153.00) | 111.00 (86.00-143.00) | 133.00 (105.00-168.00) | < 0.001 |
Total protein (g/dL) (n = 5,439) | 7.30 (7.00-7.60) | 7.20 (7.00-7.60) | 7.30 (7.00-7.60) | 0.880 |
Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) (n = 5,439) | 0.54 (0.40–0.74) | 0.55 (0.41–0.75) | 0.52 (0.39–0.72) | < 0.001 |
Calcium (mg/dL) (n = 5,439) | 9.60 (9.30–9.90) | 9.60 (9.30–9.90) | 9.60 (9.30–9.90) | 0.005 |
Sodium (mmol/L) (n = 5,439) | 143.00 (141.00-144.00) | 143.00 (141.00-144.00) | 143.00 (141.00-144.00) | 0.140 |
Potassium (mmol/L) (n = 5,439) | 4.50 (4.20–4.70) | 4.50 (4.20–4.70) | 4.50 (4.20–4.70) | 0.855 |
Chloride (mmol/L) (n = 5,439) | 103.00 (102.00-105.00) | 103.00 (102.00-105.00) | 103.00 (102.00-105.00) | 0.123 |
C-Reactive protein (mg/dL) (n = 5,439) | 0.13 (0.06–0.22) | 0.11 (0.05–0.20) | 0.15 (0.07–0.25) | < 0.001 |
White Blood Cell (103/µL) (n = 5,439) | 6.20 (5.20–7.40) | 6.10 (5.10–7.30) | 6.40 (5.30–7.60) | < 0.001 |
Red Blood Cell (106/µL) (n = 5,439) | 4.36 (4.06–4.72) | 4.33 (4.04–4.69) | 4.41 (4.11–4.76) | < 0.001 |
Hemoglobin (Hb) (g/dL) (n = 5,439) | 13.50 (12.50–14.70) | 13.40 (12.40–14.60) | 13.60 (12.60–14.80) | < 0.001 |
Hematocrit (Hct) (%) (n = 5,439) | 40.90 (37.80–44.20) | 40.60 (37.60–44.10) | 41.20 (38.00-44.50) | < 0.001 |
HbA1C (%) (n = 5,439) | 5.50 (5.30–5.80) | 5.50 (5.30–5.70) | 5.60 (5.40–5.90) | < 0.001 |
Platelet (103/µL) (n = 5,439) | 258.00 (222.00-302.00) | 255.00 (220.00-298.00) | 263.00 (227.00-306.00) | < 0.001 |
Insulin | ||||
Fasting insulin (n = 5,376) | 6.60 (5.00-8.90) | 6.20 (4.80–8.20) | 7.25 (5.40–9.70) | < 0.001 |
1 h postprandial serum insulin (n = 5,304) | 22.40 (10.40–40.20) | 20.80 (9.50–37.20) | 25.10 (12.10–45.30) | < 0.001 |
2 h postprandial serum insulin (n = 5,306) | 19.40 (9.60–34.40) | 18.10 (9.00-31.40) | 21.95 (10.50–39.80) | < 0.001 |
Renin (ng/mL/hr) (n = 5,438) | 1.94 (1.01–3.46) | 2.06 (1.07–3.53) | 1.77 (0.92–3.39) | < 0.001 |