Table 2 Seaweed and nutrient intake characteristics of study participants

n

5,440

3,320

2,120

Total seaweed intake (g/day)

(n = 5,274)

1.50 (0.60–2.57)

1.50 (0.60–2.57)

1.50 (0.60–2.52)

Laver intake (g/day)

(n = 5,274)

0.64 (0.25–1.50)

0.64 (0.43–1.50)

0.64 (0.25 ~ 1.50)

Sea mustard/kelp intake (g/day) (n = 5,274)

0.42 (0.17–1.07)

0.42 (0.17–1.07)

0.42 (0.17–1.07)

Frequency of laver

consumption (n = 5,366)

None

207 (3.9%)

110 (3.4%)

97 (4.6%)

≤ 2 times a week

2,618 (48.8%)

1,588 (48.5%)

1,030 (49.3%)

≥ 3 times a week

2,541 (47.4%)

1,579 (48.2%)

962 (46.1%)

Frequency of sea mustard/kelp consumption

(n = 5,356)

None

645 (12.0%)

382 (11.7%)

263 (12.6%)

≤ 3 times a month

2,492 (46.5%)

1,505 (46.1%)

987 (47.3%)

≥Once a week

2,219 (41.4%)

1,381 (42.3%)

838 (40.1%)

Protein (g) (n = 5,274)

62.11 (48.04–78.84)

62.36 (48.88–79.03)

61.67(48.26–78.59)

Fat (g) (n = 5,274)

29.51 (19.72–41.34)

30.19 (20.27–41.84)

28.18 (18.72–40.54)

Carbohydrate (g) (n = 5,274)

324.06 (279.24-383.07)

323.35 (279.75-377.76)

325.31 (278.87-390.08)

Ca (mg) (n = 5,274)

433.32 (296.58-611.69)

439.05 (302.46-616.45)

427.77 (285.48-602.57)

P (mg) (n = 5,274)

964.16 (756.49-1,222.99)

966.16 (754.50-1,224.81)

957.03 (761.77-1,221.85)

Fe (mg) (n = 5,274)

10.03 (7.48–13.25)

10.10 (7.48–13.20)

9.93 (7.47–13.36)

K (mg) (n = 5,274)

2,350.29 (1,756.25-3,053.66)

2,366.58 (1,754.52-3,047.83)

2,323.74 (1,756.86-3,055.87)

Vitamin A (RE) (n = 5,274)

440.66 (292.97-656.74)

443.82 (295.31-653.71)

435.05 (286.27-662.45)

Na (mg) (n = 5,274)

2,912.42 (2,085.94-3,950.23)

2,924.46 (2,091.66-3,915.50)

2,899.96 (2,077.51-4,040.54)

Vitamin B1 (mg) (n = 5,274)

1.16 (0.88–1.50)

1.16 (0.88–1.48)

1.15 (0.88–1.52)

Vitamin B2 (mg) (n = 5,274)

0.94 (0.68–1.23)

0.95 (0.69–1.25)

0.93 (0.67–1.22)

Niacin (mg) (n = 5,274)

14.58 (11.31–18.70)

14.64 (11.35–18.82)

14.43 (11.26–18.61)

Vitamin C (mg) (n = 5,274)

102.88 (68.52–153.20)

101.91 (68.69-151.04)

103.96 (67.90-158.61)

Zinc (µg) (n = 5,274)

8.01 (6.32–10.21)

8.08 (6.30-10.24)

7.91 (6.34–10.19)

Vitamin B6 (mg) (n = 5,274)

1.65 (1.29–2.13)

1.65 (1.30–2.12)

1.66 (1.29–2.15)

Folate (µg) (n = 5,274)

219.93 (163.33-299.19)

221.55 (165.10-297.41)

217.40 (161.26-303.38)

Retinol (µg) (n = 5,274)

57.51 (27.98–95.47)

59.08 (29.35–98.11)

54.45 (26.13–91.37)

Carotene (µg) (n = 5,274)

2,110.44 (1,378.84-3,290.48)

2,103.40 (1,393.94-3,235.09)

2,116.63 (1,355.92-3,352.64)

Ash (mg) (n = 5,274)

17.01 (12.35–25.32)

16.86 (12.34–24.30)

17.28 (12.37–26.80)

Fiber (g) (n = 5,274)

6.40 (4.71–8.51)

6.34 (4.70–8.44)

6.47 (4.71–8.62)

Vitamin E (mg) (n = 5,274)

8.41 (5.99–11.62)

8.45 (6.06–11.58)

8.36 (5.84–11.73)

Cholesterol (mg) (n = 5,274)

147.45 (85.16-239.15)

149.30 (88.18-240.31)

142.53 (78.83-235.71)