Fig. 2

Comparison of the distribution of genome-wide polygenic risk score (gPRS) Z-scores considering metabolic syndrome occurrence at 168 months. The figure presents density distributions of gPRS Z-scores for individuals with (red) and without (green) metabolic syndrome across seven p-value thresholds. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected based on varying p-value thresholds (p < 0.0001, p < 0.001, p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.1, p < 0.2, and p < 1.0 (all SNPs)). As the p-value threshold becomes less stringent (from p < 0.0001 to p < 1.0 (all SNPs)), the distinction between distributions for individuals with and without metabolic syndrome becomes increasingly pronounced. gPRS, genome-wide polygenic risk score; SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms