Fig. 5

Immune cell interactions and correlations with hub genes in diabetic nephropathy (DN). (A) Principal Component Analysis (PCA) plot illustrating distinct immune cell infiltration distributions between the DN and normal groups. (B) Heat map displaying the correlation analysis results among various immune cell types. (C) Box diagrams depicting the differential immune cell infiltration between the DN and normal groups, with statistical significance denoted (p < 0.05). (D) Correlation analysis revealing the associations between the four identified hub genes and infiltrating immune cells