Fig. 2

Differential expression analysis of genes in diabetic nephropathy (DN) and normal controls. (A) Hierarchical clustering on the samples of the datasets GSE96804 and GSE30528. (B) Volcano plot depicting the distribution of differentially expressed genes in the GSE30528 dataset. (C) Heatmap illustrating the expression patterns of the top 50 immune-related differentially expressed genes in GSE30528. (D) Volcano plot displaying the distribution of differentially expressed genes in the GSE96804 dataset. (E) Heatmap showing the expression profiles of the top 50 immune-related DEGs in GSE96804. (F) Venn diagram illustrating the intersection of up-regulated and down-regulated genes differentially expressed in both GSE30528 and GSE96804 datasets