Table 1 Comparisons of the variables of patients with or without recurrence of ischemic stroke
From: Molecular genomic and epigenomic characteristics related to aspirin and clopidogrel resistance
Variable groups | Variables | Ischemic stroke recurrence | Total (n = 988) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No (n = 959) | Yes (n = 29) | ||||
Risk factors | Age (years, ± SD) | 69.0 ± 9.3 | 65.9 ± 9.1 | 68.9 ± 9.3 | 0.071 |
Sex (men: women, %) | 620 (65):339 (35) | 24 (83):5 (17) | 644 (65):344 (35) | 0.044 | |
Hypertension (%) | 570 (59.4) | 19 (65.5) | 589 (59.6) | 0.511 | |
Diabetes (%) | 299 (31.2) | 13 (44.8) | 312 (31.6) | 0.119 | |
Smoking (%) | 242 (25.2) | 17 (58.6) | 259 (26.2) | < 0.001 | |
Platelet function tests (average) | ARU | 476.1 ± 57.2 | 464.1 ± 53.7 | 475.7 ± 57.1 | 0.267 |
PRU | 190.7 ± 54.2 | 180.3 ± 51.6 | 190.4 ± 54.1 | 0.310 | |
Platelet function tests (groupsa, patient number, %) | ARU | 835 (87.1):124 (12.9) | 26 (89.7):3 (10.3) | 861 (87.1):127 (12.9) | 0.682 |
PRU | 896 (93.4):63 (6.6) | 27 (93.1):2 (6.9) | 923 (93.4):65 (6.9) | 1.000 | |
Blood tests | GPT (U/L) | 24.1 ± 13.8 | 22.5 ± 15.8 | 24.1 ± 13.9 | 0.530 |
GOT (U/L) | 26.3 ± 12.9 | 28.3 ± 37 | 26.4 ± 14.1 | 0.465 | |
BUN (mg/dL) | 16.4 ± 5.9 | 17.1 ± 6.7 | 16.4 ± 5.9 | 0.509 | |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 0.079 | |
Homocysteine (µmol/L) | 11.6 ± 5.1 | 14.0 ± 6.7 | 11.6 ± 5.1 | 0.014 | |
Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 306 ± 68.6 | 309 ± 81.9 | 306.1 ± 68.9 | 0.814 | |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 181.1 ± 43.6 | 188 ± 48.6 | 181.3 ± 43.8 | 0.401 | |
LDL (mg/dL) | 109.2 ± 37.6 | 118.8 ± 41.2 | 109.5 ± 37.8 | 0.178 | |
HDL (mg/dL) | 46.8 ± 12.8 | 47.1 ± 13.4 | 46.8 ± 12.8 | 0.905 | |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 144 ± 118 | 118.6 ± 45.8 | 143.3 ± 116.5 | 0.248 | |
hsCRP (g/L) | 2.5 ± 6.5 | 3.4 ± 7.5 | 2.5 ± 6.5 | 0.469 | |
White blood cells (/µL) | 7.6 ± 2.3 | 8.2 ± 2.5 | 7.6 ± 2.3 | 0.188 | |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.9 ± 1.7 | 14.6 ± 1.7 | 14 ± 1.7 | 0.025 | |
Platelets (103/µL) | 231.2 ± 59.3 | 233.1 ± 57.6 | 231.2 ± 59.2 | 0.865 | |
Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 6.3 ± 1.3 | 6.9 ± 1.7 | 6.3 ± 1.3 | 0.009 | |
Cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase mediators | TXB2 | 40.7 ± 36.1 | 45.3 ± 31.9 | 40.9 ± 36 | 0.501 |
PGE2 | 484 ± 635.2 | 638.3 ± 1162.3 | 488.5 ± 656.2 | 0.212 | |
6-keto PGF1α | 9509 ± 17451.3 | 8859.1 ± 10,345 | 9490 ± 17281.5 | 0.842 | |
LTB4 | 803.2 ± 664.8 | 868.6 ± 588.2 | 805.1 ± 662.5 | 0.601 | |
LXA4 | 292.6 ± 343.3 | 213.2 ± 131.3 | 290.2 ± 339.2 | 0.215 | |
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (patient number, %) | CYP2C19*2 (GG/GA/AA) | 485 (50.6)/387 (40.4)/87 (9.1) | 15 (51.7)/12 (41.4)/2 (6.9) | 500 (50.6)/399 (40.4)/89 (9.0) | 0.922 |
CYP2C19*3 (GG/GA/AA) | 779 (81.2)/174 (18.1)/6 (0.6) | 21 (72.4)/8 (27.6)/0 (0.0) | 800 (81.0)/182 (18.4)/6 (0.6) | 0.404 | |
COX1 (GG/GA/AA) | 835 (87.1)/121 (12.6)/3 (0.3) | 25 (86.2)/4 (13.8)/0 (0.0) | 860 (87.0)/125 (12.7)/3 (0.3) | 0.940 | |
COX2 (CC/CG/GG) | 854 (89.1)/102 (10.6)/3 (0.3) | 26 (89.7)/3 (10.3)/0 (0.0) | 880 (89.1)/105 (10.6)/3 (0.3) | 0.954 | |
ALOX5 (AA/AG/GG) | 624 (65.1)/295 (30.8)/40 (4.2) | 18 (62.1)/10 (34.5)/1 (3.4) | 642 (65.0)/305 (30.9)/41 (4.1) | 0.905 | |
PGIS (AA/AG/GG) | 403 (42.0)/416 (43.4)/140 (14.6) | 12 (41.4)/15 (51.7)/2 (6.9) | 415 (42.0)/431 (43.6)/142 (14.4) | 0.446 | |
PGIR (GG/GA/AA) | 905 (94.4)/50 (5.2)/4 (0.4) | 29 (100.0)/0 (0.0)/0 (0.0) | 934 (94.5)/50 (5.1)/4 (0.4) | 0.422 | |
TXAS1 (CC/AC/AA) | 491 (51.2)/389 (40.6)/79 (8.2) | 9 (31.0)/14 (48.3)/6 (20.7) | 500 (50.6)/403 (40.8)/85 (8.6) | 0.021 | |
TXA2R (GG/GA/AA) | 153 (16.0)/442 (46.1)/364 (38.0) | 1 (3.4)/16 (55.2)/12 (41.4) | 154 (15.6)/458 (46.4)/376 (38.1) | 0.182 | |
Promoter methylations (%) | COX1 | 2.6 ± 1.8 | 3.1 ± 1.9 | 2.7 ± 1.8 | 0.162 |
COX2 | 3.6 ± 2.8 | 4.0 ± 2.7 | 3.6 ± 2.7 | 0.421 | |
ALOX5 | 2.9 ± 2.9 | 2.9 ± 3.2 | 2.9 ± 2.9 | 0.931 | |
ALOX12 | 31.2 ± 10.4 | 34.7 ± 7.8 | 31.3 ± 10.4 | 0.076 | |
ALOX15 | 5.0 ± 2.6 | 4.9 ± 1.9 | 5.0 ± 2.6 | 0.791 | |
PGE2S | 0.5 ± 1.7 | 0.7 ± 1.5 | 0.5 ± 1.7 | 0.611 | |
PGE2R | 0.2 ± 0.9 | 0.1 ± 0.5 | 0.2 ± 0.9 | 0.534 | |
PGIS | 2.9 ± 2.9 | 3.1 ± 4.1 | 2.9 ± 3.0 | 0.765 | |
PGIR | 89.4 ± 2.8 | 89.4 ± 1.6 | 89.4 ± 2.8 | 0.870 | |
TXAS1 | 1.6 ± 2.3 | 1.9 ± 2.4 | 1.6 ± 2.3 | 0.447 | |
TXA2R | 9.0 ± 3.3 | 8.6 ± 3.2 | 9.0 ± 3.3 | 0.524 | |