Fig. 5

Validation of the prognostic risk model for HNSCC patients using data from the GEO database. The distribution of risk scores among the patient groups categorized as high-risk and low-risk (A, B). The box plots the survival status of patients across the risk groups (C). The Kaplan–Meier curves for survival status and survival time between high-risk and low-risk HNSCC patients (D). The calibration plots of the prognostic model (E). The time-dependent ROC curve of the risk score (F)